Joint TDoA and FDoA Isochrone Intersection

Intersecting hyperbolic time delay curves (isochrones) with Doppler shift difference curves (isodops) to yield unambiguous ground coordinates.

TDoA / FDoA Architecture

Intersecting hyperbolic time delay curves (isochrones) with Doppler shift difference curves (isodops) to yield unambiguous ground coordinates.

Orbital deployments adhere strictly to 3GPP NTN specifications, CCSDS packet telemetry, and radiation-hardened spaceborne payload standards.

Sub-millisecond synchronization across high-velocity Low Earth Orbit constellations.
Radiation-hardened spaceborne transceivers supporting 3GPP NR-NTN Release 17/18/19.
Seamless handover management bridging non-terrestrial orbits with terrestrial cellular cores.